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Miranda do Douro () or Miranda de l Douro () is a town and a municipality in the district of Bragança, northeastern Portugal. The population in 2011 was 7,482,〔(Instituto Nacional de Estatística )〕 in an area of 487.18 km².〔(Direção-Geral do Território )〕 The town proper had a population of 1,960 in 2001. Referred to as the ''"Cidade Museu"'' of the Trás-os-Montes region, it is located 86 kilometres from Bragança, preserving many of its medieval and Renaissance-era traditions and architecture. It has a language of its own (Mirandese) which enjoys official status in Portugal, in addition to cultural and historical discontinuity with the rest of the Portuguese state. The town is located on the border with Spain, with the Douro River separating the two countries. The nearest town in Spain is Zamora. The present mayor is Manuel Rodrigo Martins (Social Democrat) and the president of the Municipal Assembly is Domingos Duarte Lima (Social Democrat). The municipal holiday is on July 10. ==History== The origin of Miranda do Douro as a populated place is still discussed by historians, but archeologist discoveries give evidence that inhabitants have been living there during the Bronze Age. Around 716 A.D., the Moors defeated local Visigothic tribes, and occupied some of the lands, calling the area ''Mir-Hândul''. By the late 11th century, Castile coveted the region as a stepping-stone to Portugal.〔 The settlement of the village of Miranda developed through the initiative of King Denis, in an area that lay between the lateral slopes of the Douro and Fresno Rivers. It was in Miranda that the Treaty of Alcanices was signed between Denis and Ferdinand IV of Castile, setting the border between the two kingdoms. Miranda was founded on 18 December 1286, and immediately elevated to the status of ''vila'' ((英語:town)), with one of its prerequisites declaring that the administrative division would be a Crown fief.〔 From that period forward, Miranda became progressively one of the most important towns that skirted the Trás-os-Montes region.〔 The Castilians finally occupied Miranda do Douro during the late 14th century, and would remain there until they were expelled by John I of Portugal.〔 On 10 July 1545, King John III elevated ''Miranda do Douro'' to the status of city, at the same time becoming the first diocese in Trás-os-Montes (in a papal bull on 22 May 1545 by Pope Paul III, which segmented a major part of the archdiocese of Braga.〔 Miranda, therefore, became the capital of the Trás-os-Montes, seat of the bishopric (that included the residence of the bishop, canons and ecclesiastical authorities), military governorship and civil centre.〔 In 1762, during the Seven Years' War, the army of Edward III invaded the Trás-os-Montes. During the course of his invasion, the gunpowder magazine (with over 500 barrels of powder) was hit by a cannon, destroying the four towers of the castle and many of the barrios in the vicinity.〔〔 Approximately a third of the city's population (about 400 residents) were killed, resulting in the ruin of the religious, demographic and urbanized portion of Miranda.〔〔 It was almost two years later (1764) that friar Aleixo Miranda Henriques (then the twenty-third bishop) would abandon Miranda, moving to Bragança, which had become a rival episcopal seat in the northeast part of Portugal.〔 By 1680, it was the only ecclesiastical seat in the region. The area was served by a narrow gauge railway, the Sabor line ''(Linha do Sabor)'', which ran over 100 km between Duas Igrejas-Miranda and the southern terminus at Pocinho, where connections could be made to the main line to Oporto. The Sabor line closed in 1988. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Miranda do Douro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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